(*********************************************************************** Mathematica-Compatible Notebook This notebook can be used on any computer system with Mathematica 4.0, MathReader 4.0, or any compatible application. The data for the notebook starts with the line containing stars above. To get the notebook into a Mathematica-compatible application, do one of the following: * Save the data starting with the line of stars above into a file with a name ending in .nb, then open the file inside the application; * Copy the data starting with the line of stars above to the clipboard, then use the Paste menu command inside the application. Data for notebooks contains only printable 7-bit ASCII and can be sent directly in email or through ftp in text mode. Newlines can be CR, LF or CRLF (Unix, Macintosh or MS-DOS style). 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For more information on notebooks and Mathematica-compatible applications, contact Wolfram Research: web: http://www.wolfram.com email: info@wolfram.com phone: +1-217-398-0700 (U.S.) Notebook reader applications are available free of charge from Wolfram Research. ***********************************************************************) (*CacheID: 232*) (*NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest*) (*NotebookOptionsPosition[ 57579, 1958]*) (*NotebookOutlinePosition[ 58264, 1982]*) (* CellTagsIndexPosition[ 58220, 1978]*) (*WindowFrame->Normal*) Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Connecting Bezier with continuity of the curvature", "Title"], Cell["\<\ Luc Barthelet 6/4/97\ \>", "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ The bezier curve is defined by 4 points p0,p1,p2,p3. 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They share a point, and there is \ continuity of the tangent at the point of connection (p5 is aligned with p2 \ and (p3==p4)).\ \>", "Section"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(pp[u_]\ := \ p4\ \((u^3)\)\ + \ 3\ p5\ \((u^2)\) \((1 - u)\)\ + \ 3\ p6\ u\ \((\((1 - u)\)^2)\)\ + \ p7\ \((\((1 - u)\)^3)\); \)\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(cc[u_] := Det[{\(pp'\)[u], \(\(pp'\)'\)[u]}]/\((norm[\(pp'\)[u]]^3)\); \)\)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ In Cyan we show the curbature. 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00?nool04Ol00okoo`2io`00D?l00okoo`0@o`03o_oo0;[o001Ao`03o_oo00oo00?nool0^_l005;o 00?nool03Ol00okoo`2ko`00Dol00okoo`0"], ImageRangeCache->{{{0, 287}, {176.938, 0}} -> {-0.0526045, -3.95528, 0.00733523, 0.0447079}}] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ The following few lines allowed me to find that the value of t that provide \ continuity (c[1]==cc[0]) is of the form coeffa + coeffb t == c[1].\ \>", "Section"], Cell[BoxData[ \(p0 := {p0x, p0y}; \np1 := {p1x, p1y}; \np2 := {p2x, p2y}; \n p3 := {p3x, p3y}; \np4 := p3; t =. ; \np5 := t \((p3 - p2)\) + p4; \n p6 := {p6x, p6y}; \np7 := {p7x, p7y}; \n{p0x, p0y} =. ; \n{p1x, p1y} =. ; \n{p2x, p2y} =. ; \n{p3x, p3y}\ = \ . ; \n{p6x, p6y}\ = \ . ; \n{p7x, p7y}\ =. ; \nt =. ; \)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(cc[0]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\((18\ p3y\ p6x - 18\ p3x\ p6y - 18\ p3y\ p7x + 18\ p6y\ p7x + 18\ p3x\ p7y - 18\ p6x\ p7y - 18\ p2y\ p6x\ t + 18\ p3y\ p6x\ t + 18\ p2x\ p6y\ t - 18\ p3x\ p6y\ t + 18\ p2y\ p7x\ t - 18\ p3y\ p7x\ t - 18\ p2x\ p7y\ t + 18\ p3x\ p7y\ t)\)/ \((\((3\ p6x - 3\ p7x)\)\^2 + \((3\ p6y - 3\ p7y)\)\^2)\)\^\(3/2\)\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Extract the coefficients of the polynomial in t", "Subsection"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(firstCoeff\ = \ Simplify[\ Coefficient[\ cc[0], t]]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(-\(\(2\ \((p2y\ \((p6x - p7x)\) + p3y\ \((\(-p6x\) + p7x)\) - \((p2x - p3x)\)\ \((p6y - p7y)\))\)\)\/\(3\ \((p6x\^2 + p6y\^2 - 2\ p6x\ p7x + p7x\^2 - 2\ p6y\ p7y + p7y\^2) \)\^\(3/2\)\)\)\)\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(zeroCoeff\ = \ Simplify[\ Coefficient[\ cc[0], t, 0]]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(-\(\(2\ \((\(-p6y\)\ p7x + p3y\ \((\(-p6x\) + p7x)\) + p3x\ \((p6y - p7y)\) + p6x\ p7y)\)\)\/\(3\ \((p6x\^2 + p6y\^2 - 2\ p6x\ p7x + p7x\^2 - 2\ p6y\ p7y + p7y\^2) \)\^\(3/2\)\)\)\)\)], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ Verify that we have well factorized cc[0] as a function of t.\ \>", "Subsection"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Simplify[cc[0]\ == \ zeroCoeff\ + \ t\ firstCoeff]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(True\)], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["\<\ The code that calculates t for any given value of the points defining the \ bezier curve\ \>", "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(p0 := {p0x, p0y}; \np1 := {p1x, p1y}; \np2 := {p2x, p2y}; \n p3 := {p3x, p3y}; \np4 := p3; t =. ; \np5 := t \((p3 - p2)\) + p4; \n p6 := {p6x, p6y}; \np7 := {p7x, p7y}; \n Coeffa := \ \(-\(\(2\ \(( \(-p6y\)\ p7x + p3y\ \((\(-p6x\) + p7x)\) + p3x\ \((p6y - p7y)\) + p6x\ p7y)\)\)\/\(3\ \((p6x\^2 + p6y\^2 - 2\ p6x\ p7x + p7x\^2 - 2\ p6y\ p7y + p7y\^2)\)\^\(3/2\)\)\)\); \n Coeffb\ := \(-\(\(2\ \(( p2y\ \((p6x - p7x)\) + p3y\ \((\(-p6x\) + p7x)\) - \((p2x - p3x)\)\ \((p6y - p7y)\))\)\)\/\(3\ \((p6x\^2 + p6y\^2 - 2\ p6x\ p7x + p7x\^2 - 2\ p6y\ p7y + p7y\^2)\)\^\(3/2\)\)\)\); \n t := \ \((c[1] - Coeffa)\)/Coeffb; \)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(General::"spell1" \( : \ \) "Possible spelling error: new symbol name \"\!\(Coeffb\)\" is similar \ to existing symbol \"\!\(Coeffa\)\"."\)], "Message"] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["An application", "Section"], Cell[BoxData[ \({p0x, p0y} = {0, 0}; \n{p1x, p1y} = {0, 1}; \n{p2x, p2y} = { .75, .75}; \n{p3x, p3y}\ = \ {1, 0}; \n{p6x, p6y}\ = \ {2, \(-1\)}; \n{p7x, p7y}\ = \ {3, 0}; \)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(t\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(4.12132034355964282`\)], "Output"] }, Open ]] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["The graphic showing the result.", "Section"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(\(Show[ Graphics[{PointSize[0.02], \n\t\tRGBColor[0, 1, 0], Point[p0], Point[p3], Point[p7], \n\t\t\tRGBColor[0, 0, 1], Point[p1], Point[p2], Point[p5], Point[p6], \n\t\t\tRGBColor[1, 0, 0], \n\t\t\t Line[{p0, p1}], Line[{p3, p2}], Line[{p4, p5}], Line[{p6, p7}], \n \t\t\tRGBColor[0, 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